Bunions are bony bumps that appear on the joint of your big toe. This abnormal growth increases the size of the joint and causes your big toe to rub against the others, resulting in pain. Shoes that are too tight are the most common cause, but bunions can also result from stress on the foot, arthritis, genetic defects or certain health conditions. There are several remedies that do not involve surgery and are easily accomplished on your own. In some cases, though, surgery may be your only option.
Over-the-Counter Medications
Use over-the-counter NSAIDs such as ibuprofen or naproxen that help relieve pain and inflammation. Talk to your doctor before using them on a regular basis, as NSAIDs might not be appropriate if you take blood-thinning medications.
Ice packs can also help relieve swelling; apply to the affected area two to three times daily for 15 to 20 minutes. Also, try soaking your feet in warm water at the end of the day.
Corticosteroids
If your pain is more severe, your doctor may prescribe corticosteroid injections, which act quickly on pain and inflammation and can have long-lasting effects. Due to their various side effects, however, corticosteroid injections are not appropriate as long-term treatments.
Shoes and Orthotics
Wear shoes that offer ample room for your toes. Taping and padding your foot into its normal position lessens pain by relieving stress on the bunion. Your doctor can show you do this. Do not wear shoes with heels higher than 2¼ inches.
Using orthotics---padded shoe inserts---can alleviate pain and keep the bunion from worsening. They encourage normal movement of your foot. Ask your doctor about using orthotics. He can determine if store-bought ones are appropriate or if you need prescription inserts.
When to Consider Surgery
For many people, the above treatments are sufficient for controlling pain. Your doctor can advise you how much time you should allow to see if conservative treatments are effective. If these measures fail, however, and the pain and bunion continue to worsen, surgery is the only option left.
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