Introduction
Uterine fibroids are benign growths in the uterus. Fibroids have many names, such as myomas and fibromyomas. These types of growths are very common in woman during their reproductive years. Researchers estimate that 50 to 75 percent of all women get fibroids. Women can have one or many fibroids ranging in size from tiny growths to large masses. Although most women have fibroids, the majority are unaware they have these growths because there aren't any symptoms. In most cases no treatment is required even with mild symptoms. But for some women the symptoms are debilitating and medical treatment or surgery is necessary.
How Uterine Fibroids Form
Doctors are not sure why uterine fibroids form, but there are a few factors that may contribute to their growth. Female hormones probably play a role. To prepare the uterus for menstruation the ovaries create estrogen and progesterone. Researchers have discovered that fibroids contain more estrogen than the surrounding uterine tissue, leading them to speculate that estrogen helps in the development of fibroids. In addition to hormones, chemicals may help in the formation. There are substances in the body like insulin that help to maintain tissue. Changes in insulin levels could lead to uterine fibroids forming. Even genetics is considered a viable cause of fibroids. Researchers have noticed modifications in the gene code of fibroids that differ from the code for normal uterine muscle tissue. Abnormalities in the growth rate of tissues and in the blood vessels have also been suggested as a cause of fibroids. According to the Mayo Clinic website, "Uterine fibroids develop from the smooth muscular tissue of the uterus (myometrium). A single cell reproduces repeatedly, eventually creating a pale, firm, rubbery mass distinct from neighboring tissue." A woman has an increased chance of getting uterine fibroids based on heredity and race. If fibroids run in a family, this increases a woman's risk. Also African-American women have a two to three times higher risk of developing fibroids than women of other races.
Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids
There are several common symptoms of uterine fibroids and most occurring during a woman's period. The type of symptom depends on the size and location of the fibroid. One of the main symptoms or signs that a fibroid is present is heavy bleeding during a period. Prolonged menstrual cycles are also common. Another symptom is bleeding between menstrual cycles. These symptoms usually indicate the fibroid is in the lining or wall of the uterus. Larger fibroids can cause a host of symptoms, including abdominal pain. If the fibroid is large enough it can extend outside the uterus and press against the bladder, causing frequent urination and incontinence. Large fibroids can protrude to the back of the uterus and press against the spinal column or rectum, causing back pain and constipation.
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