Enamel dysplasia is a symptom of a genetic disorder known as ectodermal dysplasia. The effects of this disease often result in severely discolored teeth that are malformed and have large spaces between them. Dentists will provide extensive microabrasion techniques to restore the color as well as surgical procedures to realign the teeth.
Ectodermal Dysplasia Syndrome
Ectodermal dysplasia sydrome (ED) is a congenital disease that refers to a collection of 150 disorders that affect the outer tissue of a growing fetus. Ectoderm exists in much of the child's tissue, and appears in the teeth as well. Children with ED symptoms in the teeth will have malformed enamel, which may cause discoloring, dwarfed teeth, and missing teeth. Enamel dysplasia, which describes discoloration and teeth abnormalities, may also arise from severe malnutrition in children as well.
Amelo-onycho-hypohidrotic Syndrome
Amelo-onycho-hypohidrotic Syndrome is a common cause of enamel dysplasia in children. It is a rare genetic disorder that causes late tooth eruption in children as well as angular tooth shape and malformed lower lip. You may also notice the child sweats less than normal. These maladies will need surgical attention to be corrected.
Amelocerebrohypohidrotic Syndrome
Again, this is also a quite rare congenital disease that involves the breakdown of the central nervous system. A child may begin to experience seizures and abnormal teeth development. The teeth will often be discolored because the enamel has not properly set, making the teeth more vulnerable to discoloration.
Tuberous Sclerosis
This is a hereditary disorder that involves benign tumors that grow within the child's brain and may appear as lesions on the skin. It will often cause mental deterioration. More specifically, it will cause pit-shaped enamel defects on the teeth as well as yellow and brown discoloration.
Enamel Treatment and Tooth Repair
Although enamel dysplasia is symptomatic of deeper congenital disorders, dentists and oral surgeons can repair the defects in the teeth. The dentist at first "etches" the teeth with a 37 percent phosphoric acid for no more than 60 seconds. The dentist then applies the sodium hypochlorite for 10 minutes, cleans the teeth, and applies a sealant to prevent new stains. Another technique is microabrasion, which removes the enamel of the teeth with a hydrochloric acid solution to remove the stains. Oral surgeons will often create teeth implants or teeth caps for the misshaped teeth.
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