Topical hemostatics can be applied as a powder or as part of the wrapping.
Topical hemostatic agents belong to a class of medicines known as antihemorrhagics. These are used to provide emergency bleeding control. It has become most popular for use in military medicine, where topical hemostatic agents are applied as a powder on the wounds or in the dressings.
How it Works
Topical hemostatic agents work by causing vasoconstriction or by promoting platelet aggregation. Vasoconstriction is the process in which the blood vessels narrow as a result of contractions in the walls of the vessels. This ceases bleeding at the site of injury. When platelet aggregation occurs, a blood clot is formed, providing temporary relief.
Ingredients
QuikClot may be used after surgical operations to encourage recovery.
One of the most widely used granular topical hemostatics is QuikClot. This powder is made primarily of zeolite, which creates a molecular net on the wound that encourages clotting. A brand of hemostatic gauze, Celox, contains chitosan, which is a high-surface-area flake that absorbs the blood and acts as a medicated clot. Another popular brand, D-stat Dry, relies on thrombin, which chemically activates the body's clotting agents.
Side-Effects of QuikClot
The side-effects of topical hemostatic agents vary by their main active ingredients. The active ingredient of QuikClot, zeolite, forms hydrogen bonds that generate heat. For large wounds, the amount of QuikClot required can generate so much heat that it can result in serious burns. In some cases continuous blood loss may be preferable to burns caused by QuikClot.
Side-Effects of Thrombin
Thrombin is the main clotting ingredient in D-Stat Dry. In rare cases, patients may experience an allergic reaction to thrombin that causes anemia. Some people experience swelling and rash at the site of application. Although there is no proven connection, some patients have complained of nausea and vomiting.
Common Applications
Topical hemostatic agents were first employed by the military.
Topical hemostatic agents such as Celox and QuikClot are popularly used by the military to close wounds quickly on the battlefield. After its successful application in war zones, these agents have been applied to the medical field, and are used by surgeons and emergency vehicles. As this technology has advanced and become safer, it is now available for purchase by individuals.
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